Banderites

Les Banderites (en ukrainien : Бандерівці, Bandе́rivtsi ou bandе́rovtsy, en polonais : banderowcy, en russe : Бандеровцы) sont les membres d'un assortiment d'organisations extrémistes de droite et antisémites en Ukraine.

Le terme dérive du nom de Stepan Bandera (1909-1959), chef de l'Organisation des nationalistes ukrainiens qui s'est formée en 1929 en tant que fusion de mouvements, dont l'Union des fascistes ukrainiens^[1]^,^[2]. Le syndicat, connu sous le nom de OUN-B, avait été impliqué dans diverses atrocités, notamment le meurtre de civils, principalement des Juifs et des Polonais, sous l'administration nazie allemande^[3]^,^[4]. Le terme banderites a également été utilisé par les adeptes de Bandera eux-mêmes et par d'autres pendant la Shoah et les massacres de Polonais et de Juifs en Volhynie et en Galice orientale par l'OUN-UPA en 1943-1944^[5].

Selon Timothy Snyder, le mot est utilisé aujourd'hui (souvent de manière péjorative) pour désigner les nationalistes ukrainiens qui sympathisent avec l'idéologie fasciste et se considèrent comme des adeptes du mythe OUN-UPA dans l'Ukraine moderne^[6].

Notes et références modifier

(en) Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l’article de Wikipédia en anglais intitulé « Banderites » (voir la liste des auteurs).

↑ Rudling, « The OUN, the UPA and the Holocaust: A Study in the Manufacturing of Historical Myths », University of Pittsburgh, The Carl Beck Papers in Russian & East European Studies, novembre 2011 (ISSN 0889-275X)
↑ Philip Cooke et Ben Shepherd, Hitler's Europe Ablaze : Occupation, Resistance, and Rebellion during World War II, Skyhorse Publishing, 2014, 280 p. (ISBN 978-1-63220-159-1 et 1-63220-159-3, lire en ligne), p. 336
↑ Wendy Lower et Lauren Faulkner Rossi, Lessons and Legacies XII : New Directions in Holocaust Research and Education, Northwestern University Press, 2017, 170–171, 174 (ISBN 978-0-8101-3450-8 et 0-8101-3450-0, lire en ligne)

« The victims of the Holocaust had a difficult time identifying precisely who intended to murder them; the usual terminology was "Banderites," which indicated adherents of a particular political tendency, or "Bulbas," which indicated the insurgent force initiated by Taras Bulba-Borovets.^[p. 174] »
↑ William Jay Risch, The Ukrainian West : Culture and the Fate of Empire in Soviet Lviv, Harvard University Press, 2011, 55, 65, 69 (ISBN 978-0-674-06126-2 et 0-674-06126-8, lire en ligne)
↑ Rossoliński-Liebe, « Stepan Bandera, Dr. Andrii Portnov, and the Holocaust: Is the Bandera Myth Detached from the Person? », The American Association for Polish-Jewish Studies, 2016 (consulté le 23 avril 2016) : « [Andrii Portnov's article from the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (8 January 2016)] informs the readers about the use of the term Banderites in Soviet propaganda, but he [Portnov] forgets to mention that the OUN members did call themselves such and regarded Bandera as their leader when they were murdering Jews during the pogroms in summer 1941 and when they, in the uniforms of the Ukrainian police, were helping the Germans to shoot Jews in 1942 and 1943. He also ignores the fact that Ukrainian nationalists perceived themselves as Banderites and were perceived as such by others during the ethnic cleansings of the Polish population in Volhynia and eastern Galicia. Finally, he does not inform the readers that Bandera never condemned the atrocities committed by the OUN and UPA. »
↑ Timothy Snyder, « A Fascist Hero in Democratic Kiev », The New York Review of Books,‎ 24 février 2010 (lire en ligne)

Voir aussi modifier

Articles connexes modifier

Bibliographie modifier

Valeriy Smoliy (1997), "Petit dictionnaire de l'histoire ukrainienne" - Lybid.
G. Demyian - "Banderivtsi" - Encyclopédie du dictionnaire Ternopil - G. Iavorskiy - "Zbruch", 2004-2010, 696p. (ISBN 966-528-197-6).

[Rudling3-1] Rudling, « The OUN, the UPA and the Holocaust: A Study in the Manufacturing of Historical Myths », University of Pittsburgh, The Carl Beck Papers in Russian & East European Studies, novembre 2011 (ISSN 0889-275X)

[Cooke-2] Philip Cooke et Ben Shepherd, Hitler's Europe Ablaze : Occupation, Resistance, and Rebellion during World War II, Skyhorse Publishing, 2014, 280 p. (ISBN 978-1-63220-159-1 et 1-63220-159-3, lire en ligne), p. 336

[Lower-3] Wendy Lower et Lauren Faulkner Rossi, Lessons and Legacies XII : New Directions in Holocaust Research and Education, Northwestern University Press, 2017, 170–171, 174 (ISBN 978-0-8101-3450-8 et 0-8101-3450-0, lire en ligne)

« The victims of the Holocaust had a difficult time identifying precisely who intended to murder them; the usual terminology was "Banderites," which indicated adherents of a particular political tendency, or "Bulbas," which indicated the insurgent force initiated by Taras Bulba-Borovets.^[p. 174] »

[Risch-4] William Jay Risch, The Ukrainian West : Culture and the Fate of Empire in Soviet Lviv, Harvard University Press, 2011, 55, 65, 69 (ISBN 978-0-674-06126-2 et 0-674-06126-8, lire en ligne)

[Liebe-5] Rossoliński-Liebe, « Stepan Bandera, Dr. Andrii Portnov, and the Holocaust: Is the Bandera Myth Detached from the Person? », The American Association for Polish-Jewish Studies, 2016 (consulté le 23 avril 2016) : « [Andrii Portnov's article from the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (8 January 2016)] informs the readers about the use of the term Banderites in Soviet propaganda, but he [Portnov] forgets to mention that the OUN members did call themselves such and regarded Bandera as their leader when they were murdering Jews during the pogroms in summer 1941 and when they, in the uniforms of the Ukrainian police, were helping the Germans to shoot Jews in 1942 and 1943. He also ignores the fact that Ukrainian nationalists perceived themselves as Banderites and were perceived as such by others during the ethnic cleansings of the Polish population in Volhynia and eastern Galicia. Finally, he does not inform the readers that Bandera never condemned the atrocities committed by the OUN and UPA. »

[6] Timothy Snyder, « A Fascist Hero in Democratic Kiev », The New York Review of Books,‎ 24 février 2010 (lire en ligne)

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