Map based on the probable origin of E (M96, former M40) in Africa[1] about 65,000 years ago.[2] E1a (M132, former M33) is present exclusively in west Africa.[3]
There is strong support for the hypothesis that haplogroup E1b1 (P2) originated in eastern Africa.[4] E1b1a is geographically quite restricted to sub-Saharan Africa,[5] and there is a central/western African origin for haplogroup E1b1a1 (P1, M2),[6] which is related to relatively recent population Bantu expansion (3-5kya).[7]
There is a strong probability favors an eastern African placement for the origin of the E1b1b (M215). The main clade of E1b1b is M35, which is divided into two important branches: E-V68 and E-Z827.[6] The origin of E-V68 and the center of expansion of its main subclade M78, would be in the east of the Sahara and the Nile valley; a recent archaeological study reveals that during a desiccation period in North Africa, while the eastern Sahara was depopulated, a refugium existed on the border of present-day Sudan and Egypt, near Lake Nubia, until the onset of a humid phase around 8500 BC, occurring during the Mesolithic a rapid expansion in Africa, the Levant, Asia Minor and Europe, where they each eventually differentiated into their regionally distinctive branches.[8]
This map includes the following major subclades of E:
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