Geology - the mountain is mostly underlain by Cambrian schists and other metasediments ("Group de Jujols").
Although an ice sheet up to 500 metres thick covered much of the Capcir and Cerdagne mountain ranges during the most recent glacial phase of the Quaternary period (the Würm/Devensian phase), the summit plateau and the upper slopes of Puig del Pam were not glaciated. There were glaciers on all sides of the mountain, notably in the Lladura and Vallsera valleys. But the relatively undramatic pre-Quaternary topography of the Puig del Pam has largely survived. This is in contrast to the heavily glaciated topography of mountains only a couple of kilometres to the west - for example, around Puig Peric and Puig de la Cometa d'Espagne. See:
- Notice Mont-Louis 1094, pages 103-105, and Fig. 10 page 106).
- Estany Blau et Puig Peric.jpg.
- Carte/map topographique (Géoportail).