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Utilisateur:Assassas77/Savitribai Phule

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Assassas77/Savitribai Phule
Description de l'image Sadhvi Savitri Phule.JPG.

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Savitribai Jyotirao Phule (3 janvier 1831 – 10 mars 1897) était une réformatrice sociale indienne et une poétesse. Avec son époux Jyotirao Phule, elle a joué un rôle important dans l'amélioration des droits des femmes en Inde sous domination britannique. Savitribai Phile et son époux ont fondé la première école pour jeunes filles à Pune, administrée par des indiens autochtones à Bhide Wada en 1848.

[note 1]

  1. ↑ The American missionary Cynthia Farrar had started a Girls school in Bombay in 1829. In 1847,the Students' literary and scientific society started the Kamalabai High school for girls in the Girgaon neighborhood of Mumbai. The school is still operational in 2016. Peary Charan Sarkar started a school for girls called Kalikrishna Girls' High School in the Bengali town of Barasat in 1847. The Parsi community Mumbai had also established a school for girls in 1847)

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She worked to abolish discrimination and unfair treatment of people based on caste and gender. She is regarded as an important figure of the social reform movement in Maharashtra.

Early life modifier

Savitribai Phule was born in 1831 in Naigaon, Bombay Presidency in a farming family.[1] At the age of nine, she was married to twelve-year-old Jyotirao Phule in 1840. Savitribai and Jyotirao had no children of their own,[2]Modèle:Pn but they adopted Yashavantrao, a son born to a Brahmin widow.[3]

Career modifier

When Jyotirao Phule started the girls school in Pune in 1848, Savitribai was its first teacher.[4] The couple also opened a care centre called Balhatya Pratibandhak Griha[3] for pregnant rape victims and helped deliver their children.[5]

Death modifier

Savitribai and her adopted son, Yashwant, opened a clinic to treat those affected by the worldwide Third Pandemic of the bubonic plague when it appeared in the area around Nallasopara in 1897.[6] The clinic was established at stern outskirts of Pune, in an area free of infection. Savitribai personally took patients to the clinic where her son served them. While caring for the patients, she contracted the disease herself. She died from it on 10 March 1897 while serving a plague patient.[1]

Poetry modifier

Savitribai Phule wrote many poems against discrimination and advised people to get educated.[7][8][réf. incomplète]

Two books of her poems were published posthumously, Kavya Phule (1934) and Bavan Kashi Subodh Ratnakar (1982).

Legacy modifier

Pune City Corporation created a memorial for her in 1983.

On 3 January 2017, the search engine Google marked the 186th anniversary of the birth of Savitribai Phule with a Google doodle.[10][11]

Along with Ambedkar and Annabhau Sathe, Phule has become an icon in particular for the Dalit Mang caste. Women in local branches of the Manavi Hakk Abhiyan (Human Rights Campaign, a Mang-Ambedkarite body)[12] frequently organise processions on their jayanti (birthday in Marathi and other Indian languages).[13]

References modifier

Notes

Citations

  1. ↑ a et b (en) Feminist Writings from Ancient Times to the Modern World: A Global Sourcebook and History, ABC-CLIO, (ISBN 978-0-31334-581-4), p. 243
  2. ↑ (en) Sharmila Rege, Savitribai Phule Second Memorial Lecture, [2009], National Council of Educational Research and Training, (ISBN 978-8-17450-931-4, lire en ligne)
  3. ↑ a et b (en) Rosalind O'Hanlon, Caste, Conflict and Ideology: Mahatma Jotirao Phule and Low Caste Protest in Nineteenth-Century Western India, Revised, (ISBN 978-0-52152-308-0), p. 135
  4. ↑ (en) Rosalind O'Hanlon, Caste, Conflict and Ideology: Mahatma Jotirao Phule and Low Caste Protest in Nineteenth-Century Western India, Revised, (ISBN 978-0-52152-308-0), p. 118
  5. ↑ (en) Sanjana Agnihotri, « Who is Savitribai Phule? What did she do for womens rights in India? », India Today,‎ (lire en ligne)
  6. ↑ (en) « Savitribai Phule - Google Arts & Culture », Google Cultural Institute, {{Article}} : paramètre « date » manquant (lire en ligne)
  7. ↑ « Few Poems by Savitribai Phule », Dr Ambedkar's Caravan
  8. ↑ (en) A Forgotten Liberator – The Life And Struggle of Savitribai Phule, Mountain Peak Publishers (ISBN 978-81-906277-0-2)
  9. ↑ (en) Vishwas Kothari, « Pune university to be renamed after Savitribai Phule », Times of India,‎ (lire en ligne)
  10. ↑ « Google doodle pays tribute to social reformer Savitribai Phule », The Hindu, (consulté le )
  11. ↑ « Savitribai Phule, Google Doodle Tribute To Social Reformer », NDTV.com, (consulté le )
  12. ↑ (en) Suryakant Waghmore, From the Margins to the Mainstream: Institutionalising Minorities in South Asia, SAGE Publications, (ISBN 978-9-35150-622-5, lire en ligne), « Challenging Normalised Exclusion: Humour and Hopeful Rationality in Dalit Politics », p. 151
  13. ↑ (en) Suryakant Waghmore, Civility against Caste: Dalit Politics and Citizenship in Western India, SAGE Publications, , 34, 57, 71-72 (ISBN 978-8-13211-886-2, lire en ligne)

Further reading modifier

  • Parimala V. Rao, Education and the Disprivileged: Nineteenth and Twentieth Century India, Orient Blackswan, (ISBN 978-8-12502-192-6, lire en ligne), « Educating Women - How and How Much: Women in the Context of Tilak's Swaraj »

External links modifier

[[Catégorie:Naissance en 1831]] [[Catégorie:Décès en 1897]]

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