Utilisateur:Pixeltoo/Wikipédia:IPA

Principaux symboles

Symbol	Examples	Description
^ top A
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	Spanish casa, French patte, German Mann	For many English speakers, the first part of the ow sound in cow. Found in some dialects of English in cat or father.
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	German Aachen, French gare	Long [a].
[ ɐ ]	RP cut, German Kaiserslautern	(With English, [ɐ] is normally written "[ʌ]".)
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	Finnish Linna, Dutch bad
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	RP father, French pâte	Long [ɑ].
[ ɑ̃ ]	French Caen, sans, temps	Nasalized [ɑ].
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	RP cot	Like [ɑ], but with the lips slightly rounded.
Modèle:Audio-tuyau		Like [ɔ], but without the lips being rounded. (When "[ʌ]" is used for English, it may really be [ɐ] or [ɜ].)
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	RP cat
^ top B
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	babble en anglais
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	Swahili bwana	Like a [b] said with a gulp.
Modèle:Audio-tuyau		Like the brrr sound made when cold.
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	La Bamba en espagnol	Like [b], but with the lips not quite touching.
^ top C
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	Turkish kebap "kebab", Czech stín "shadow"	Between English tune (RP) and cute. Sometimes used instead for [tʃ] in languages like Hindi.
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	German Ich	More y-like than [x]. Some English speakers have a similar sound in huge. To produce this sound, try whispering loudly the word "ye" as in "Hear ye!".
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	Mandarin Xi'an, Polish ściana	More y-like than [ʃ]; something like English she.
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	see under O
^ top D
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	English did
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	Swahili Dodoma	Like [d] said with a gulp.
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	American English harder	Like [d] with the tongue curled or pulled back.
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	English the, bathe
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	English adze, Italian zero
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	English judge
[ dʑ ]	Polish niedźwiedź "bear"	Like [dʒ], but with more of a y-sound.
[ dʐ ]	Polish dżem "jam"	Like [dʒ] with the tongue curled or pulled back.
^ top E
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	Spanish fe; French clé
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	German Klee	Long [e]. Similar to English hey, before the y sets in.
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	English above, Hindi ठग [ʈʰəɡ] (thug) "thief"	(Only occurs in English when not stressed.)
[ ɚ ]	American English runner
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	English bet
[ ɛ̃ ]	French Agen, vin, main	Nasalized [ɛ].
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	RP bird (long)
[ ɝ ]	American English bird
^ top F
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	English fun
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	see under J
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	see under J
^ top G
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	English gig	(no different from the symbol "g")
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	Swahili Uganda	Like [ɡ] said with a gulp.
Modèle:Audio-tuyau		Like [ɡ], but further back, in the throat. Found in some Arabic dialects for /q/, as in Gaddafi.
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	see under Z	English beige.
^ top H
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	American English house
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	English ahead, when said quickly.
[ ʰ ]		The extra puff of air in English top [tʰɒp] compared to stop [stɒp], or to French or Spanish [t].
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	Arabic محمد Muhammad	Far down in the throat, like [h], but stronger.
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	see under U
[ ɮ ]	see under L
^ top I
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	French ville, Spanish Valladolid
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	English sea	Long [i].
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	English sit
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	Russian ты "you"	Often used for unstressed English roses.
^ top J
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	English yes, German Junge
[ ʲ ]	Russian Ленин [lʲeˈnʲɪn]	Indicates a sound is more y-like.
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	Spanish cayo (some dialects)	Like [j], but stronger.
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	Turkish gör "see", Czech díra "hole"	Between English dew (RP) and argue. Sometimes used instead for [dʒ] in languages like Hindi.
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	Swahili jambo	Like [ɟ] said with a gulp.
^ top K
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	English kick, skip
^ top L
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	English leaf
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	English wool Russian малый [ˈmɑɫɨj] "small"	"Dark" el.
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	Welsh llwyd [ɬʊɪd] "grey" Zulu hlala [ɬaːla] "sit"	Rather like [l] and [ʃ] or [l] and [θ] said together. Found in Welsh names like Lloyd and Llywelyn and Nelson Mandela's Xhosa name Rolihlahla.
Modèle:Audio-tuyau		Like [l] with the tongue curled or pulled back.
Modèle:Audio-tuyau		A flapped [l], like [l] and [ɾ] said together.
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	Zulu dla "eat"	Rather like [l] and [ʒ], or [l] and [ð], said together.
^ top M
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	English mime
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	English symphony	Like [m], but lips touch teeth as they do in [f].
[ ɯ ]	see under W
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	see under W
^ top N
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	English nun
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	English sing
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	Spanish Peña, French champagne	Rather like English canyon.
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	Hindi वरुण [ʋəruɳ] "Varuna"	Like [n] with the tongue curled or pulled back.
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	Castilian Spanish Don Juan [doɴˈχwan]	Like [ŋ], but further back, in the throat.
^ top O
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	Spanish no, French eau
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	German Boden, French Vosges	Long [o]. Somewhat reminiscent of English no.
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	German Oldenburg, French Garonne
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	RP law, French Limoges	Long [ɔ].
[ ɔ̃ ]	French Lyon, son	Nasalized [ɔ].
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	French feu, bœufs	Like [e], but with the lips rounded like [o].
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	German Goethe, French Deûle, neutre	Long [ø].
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	Swedish dum	Halfway between [o] and [ø]. Similar to [ʊ] but with the tongue slightly more down and front.
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	French bœuf, seul, German Göttingen	Like [ɛ], but with the lips rounded like [ɔ].
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	French œuvre, heure	Long [œ].
[ œ̃ ]	French brun, parfum	Nasalized [œ].
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	English thigh, bath
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	Japanese 富士 [ɸɯdʑi] Fuji	Like [p], but with the lips not quite touching
^ top P
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	English pip, spit
^ top Q
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	Arabic Qur’ān	Like [k], but further back, in the throat.
^ top R
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	Spanish perro, Scots borrow	"Rolled R". (Generally used for English [ɹ] when there's no need to be precise.)
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	Spanish pero, American English kitty/kiddie	"Flapped R".
Modèle:Audio-tuyau		A trill in the back of the throat. Found for /r/ in some conservative registers of French.
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	Hindi साड़ी [sɑːɽiː] "sari"	Like flapped [ɾ], but with the tongue curled back.
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	RP borrow
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	American English borrow, butter	Like [ɹ], but with the tongue curled or pulled back, as pronounced by many English speakers.
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	French Paris, German Riemann	Said back in the throat, but not trilled.
^ top S
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	English sass
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	English she
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	Mandarin Shàolín, Russian Пушкин (Pushkin)	Acoustically similar to [ʃ], but with the tongue curled or pulled back.
^ top T
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	English tot, stop
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	Hindi ठग [ʈʰəɡ] (thug) "thief"	Like [t], but with the tongue curled or pulled back.
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	English cats, Russian царь tsar
[ tʃ ]	English church
[ tɬ ]	Nahuatl tlācatl	Like a strong [t], but with tongue in position similar to that of [l]
[ tɕ ]	Mandarin 北京 Modèle:Audio-tuyau, Polish ciebie "you"	Like [tʃ], but with more of a y-sound.
[ tʂ ]	Mandarin zh, Polish cz	Like [tʃ] with the tongue curled or pulled back .
^ top U
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	French vous "you"
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	French Rocquencourt, German Schumacher, close to RP food	Long [u].
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	English foot, German Bundesrepublik
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	Australian English food (long)	Like [ɨ], but with the lips rounded as for [u].
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	French lui	Like [j] and [w] said together.
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	see under W
^ top V
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	English verve
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	Hindi वरुण [ʋəruɳə] "Varuna"	Between [v] and [w]. Used by some Germans and Russians for v/w, and by some speakers of British English for r.
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	Arabic / Swahili ghali "expensive"	Sounds rather like French [ʁ].
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	Mandarin Hénán	Like [o] but without the lips rounded, something like a cross of [ʊ] and [ʌ].
[ ʌ ]	see under A
^ top W
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	English wow
[ ʷ ]	English rain [ɹʷɛn]	Indicates a sound has lip rounding, quick.
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	what (some dialects)	like [h] and [w] said together
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	Turkish kayık "caïque"	Like [u], but with the lips flat; something like [ʊ].
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	Spanish agua
^ top X
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	Scottish English loch, German Bach, Russian хороший [xɐˈroʂɨj] "good"
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	Dutch Scheveningen, Castilian Spanish Don Juan [doɴˈχwan]	Like [x], but further back , in the throat. Some German and Arabic speakers have [χ] for [x].
^ top Y
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	French rue	Like [i], but with the lips rounded as for [u].
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	German Bülow, French sûr	Long [y].
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	German Eisenhüttenstadt	Like [ɪ], but with the lips rounded as for [ʊ].
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	Spanish llama (Castilian)	More y-like than [l]. Rather like English million.
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	see under U
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	see under V
[ ɣ ]	see under V
^ top Z
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	English zoos
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	English vision, French journal
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	formal Russian жжёшь [ʑːoʂ] "you burn", Polish źle	More y-like than [ʒ], something like beigey.
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	Mandarin 人民日报 Rénmín Rìbào "People's Daily", Russian журнал "journal"	Like [ʒ] with the tongue curled or pulled back .
[ ɮ ]	see under L
^ top other
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	English uh-oh, Hawai‘i, German	The 'glottal stop', a catch in the breath. For some people, found in button [ˈbʌʔn̩], or between vowels across words: Deus ex machina [ˌdeɪəsˌʔɛksˈmɑːkɨnə]; in some nonstandard dialects, in a apple [ʌˈʔæpl̩].
Modèle:Audio-tuyau	Arabic عربي (carabī) "Arabic"	A light sound deep in the throat.
Modèle:Audio-tuyau, [ ɡǀ ], [ ŋǀ ]	English tsk-tsk! or tut-tut!, Zulu icici "earring"	(The English click used for disapproval.) The Zimbabwean MP Ncube has this click in his name, as did Cetshwayo.
Modèle:Audio-tuyau, [ ɡǁ ], [ ŋǁ ]	English tchick! tchick!, Zulu ixoxo "frog"	(The English click used to urge on a horse.) Found in the name of the Xhosa.
Modèle:Audio-tuyau, [ ɡǃ ], [ ŋǃ ]	Zulu iqaqa "polecat"	A hollow popping sound, like a cork pulled from a bottle.