Wikipédia

« Point chaud de Yellowstone » : différence entre les versions

Navigation interactive dans l’historique
← Modification précédenteModification suivante →
Contenu supprimé Contenu ajouté
VisuelWikicode
Annulation des modifications 115747977 de Simon Villeneuve (d)
JackBot (discuter | contributions)
Robots
491 638 modifications
Ligne 8 :
 
== Histoire ==
[[File:Yellowstone_earthquakes_history.svg|vignette|Nombre de séismes dans la région du [[Parc national de Yellowstone]] (1973 – 2014)<ref>{{en}}{{citelien web|langue=en|url=http://www.quake.utah.edu/EQCENTER/LISTINGS/OTHER/yellowregion.htm|titletitre=Yellowstone National Park Earthquake listings|accessdateconsulté le=2013-04-20}}</ref>.]]
[[File:Yellowstone volcano - ash beds.jpg|vignette|Schéma de zones éruptives de Yellowstone comparées à celles des éruptions de [[caldeira de Long Valley|Long Valley]] et du [[mont Saint Helens]].]]
 
Ligne 24 :
**''[[Island Park Caldera]]''
**''[[Harriman State Park (Idaho)|Harriman State Park]]''
*[[Island Park Caldera]] (étendue : 100 x 50 km) : {{unité/2|2.1|Ma}} : VEI 8 : {{unité|2450|km|3}} de ''{{Lien|trad=Huckleberry Ridge Tuff|lang=en|fr=Huckleberry Ridge Tuff}}''<ref name="GVP" />{{,}}<ref name=wardtable2009>{{en}}{{citelien web|langue=en
| url = http://www.tetontectonics.org/Climate/Table_S1.pdf
| titletitre = Supplementary Table to P.L. Ward, Thin Solid Films (2009) Major volcanic eruptions and provinces
| publisheréditeur = Teton Tectonics
| accessdateconsulté le = 2010-03-16 }}</ref>
*Champ volcanique Heise, Idaho :
**Kilgore Caldera (étendue : 80 x 60 km) : VEI 8 : {{unité|1800|km|3}} de ''Kilgore Tuff'' : {{unité/2|4.45|±=0.05|Ma}}<ref name=Heise>{{en}}{{Cite journalarticle
|author= Lisa A. Morgan and William C. McIntosh |date= Marchmars 2005 |titletitre= Timing and development of the Heise volcanic field, Snake River Plain, Idaho, western USA |journal= Geological Society of America Bulletin |volume= 117 |issuenuméro= 3–4 |pages= 288–306 |url= http://bulletin.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/117/3-4/288 |accessdateconsulté le= |doi = 10.1130/B25519.1|bibcode = 2005GSAB..117..288M }}</ref>{{,}}<ref name=wardtable2009 />
**{{unité/2|4.49|Ma}} tuff of Heise<ref name=anders2009 />
**{{unité/2|5.37|Ma}} tuff of Elkhorn Springs<ref name=wardtable2009 />
Ligne 44 :
*{{unité/2|9.17|Ma}} tuff of Kyle Canyon<ref name=anders2009 />
*{{unité/2|9.34|Ma}} tuff of Little Chokecherry Canyon<ref name=anders2009 />
*Twin Falls volcanic field, [[Comté de Twin Falls]] : 8.6 to 10 Ma<ref name=anders2009>{{en}}{{citelien web|langue=en
| url = http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~manders/SRP_erupt.html
| titletitre = Mark H. Anders, associate professor: Yellowstone hotspot track
| publisheréditeur = Columbia University, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO)
| accessdateconsulté le = 2010-03-16 }}</ref>
*Picabo volcanic field, {{Lien|trad=Picabo, Idaho|lang=en|fr=Picabo, Idaho}} : 1{{unité/2|0.09|Ma}} (Arbon Valley Tuff A) and 1{{unité/2|0.21|±=0.03|Ma}} (Arbon Valley Tuff B)<ref name=Heise />{{,}}<ref name=anders2009 />
*[[Bruneau-Jarbidge caldera|Bruneau-Jarbidge volcanic field]], [[Bruneau (rivière)]]/ {{Lien|trad=Jarbidge River|lang=en|fr=Jarbidge River}}, Idaho : 10.0 to 1{{unité/2|2.5|Ma}} : {{Lien|trad=Ashfall Fossil Beds|lang=en|fr=Ashfall Fossil Beds}} eruption<ref name=anders2009 />
*Owyhee-Humboldt volcanic field, [[Comté d'Owyhee]], Nevada, and Oregon : around 12.8 to 1{{unité/2|3.9|Ma}}<ref name=anders2009 />
*McDermitt volcanic field, Orevada rift, {{Lien|trad=McDermitt, Nevada|lang=en|fr=McDermitt, Nevada}}/ Oregon (five overlapping and nested calderas : satellitic to these are two additional calderas), {{unité|20000|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}:<ref>{{en}}{{citelien web |last1langue=en|nom1=Rytuba |first1prénom1=James J |last2nom2=McKee |first2prénom2=Edwin H. |titletitre=Peralkaline Ash Flow Tuffs and Calderas of the McDermitt Volcanic Field, Southeast Oregon and North Central Nevada |url=http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/1984/JB089iB10p08616.shtml |format=abstract |deadurl=no |accessdateconsulté le=2013-10-09 |quoteextrait=The McDermitt volcanic field covers an area of 20,000 km<sup2</sup> in southeastern Oregon and northwestern Nevada and consists of seven large-volume ash flow sheets that vented from 16.1 to 15 Ma ago}}</ref>
**{{Lien|trad=Trout Creek Mountains|lang=en|fr=Trout Creek Mountains}}, East of the {{Lien|trad=Pueblo Mountains|lang=en|fr=Pueblo Mountains}}, Whitehorse Caldera (étendue : 15 km), Oregon : 15 Ma : {{unité|40|km|3}} of Whitehorse Creek Tuff<ref name=wardtable2009 />{{,}}<ref name=lipman1984>{{en}}{{Cite journalarticle
|lastnom= Lipman |firstprénom= P.W. |date= Sep 30, 1984
|titletitre= The Roots of Ash Flow Calderas in Western North America: Windows Into the Tops of Granitic Batholiths |journal= [[Journal of Geophysical Research]] |volume= 89 |issuenuméro= B10 |pages= 8801–8841 |url= |accessdateconsulté le= |doi = 10.1029/JB089iB10p08801 |bibcode=1984JGR....89.8801L}}</ref>
**Jordan Meadow Caldera, (étendue : 10–15 km) : 1{{unité/2|5.6|Ma}} : {{unité|350|km|3}} Longridge Tuff member 2-3<ref name=wardtable2009 />{{,}}<ref name=anders2009 />{{,}}<ref name=lipman1984 />{{,}}<ref name=ludington1996 />
**Longridge Caldera, (étendue : 33 km) : 1{{unité/2|5.6|Ma}} : {{unité|400|km|3}} Longridge Tuff member 5<ref name=wardtable2009 />{{,}}<ref name=anders2009 />{{,}}<ref name=lipman1984 />{{,}}<ref name=ludington1996 />
**Calavera Caldera, (étendue : 17 km) : 1{{unité/2|5.7|Ma}} : {{unité|300|km|3}} of Double H Tuff<ref name=wardtable2009 />{{,}}<ref name=anders2009 />{{,}}<ref name=lipman1984 />{{,}}<ref name=ludington1996 />
**Trout Creek Mountains, Pueblo Caldera (étendue : 20 x 10 km), Oregon : 1{{unité/2|5.8|Ma}} : {{unité|40|km|3}} of Trout Creek Mountains Tuff<ref name=wardtable2009 />{{,}}<ref name=lipman1984 />{{,}}<ref name=rytuba1984 >{{en}}{{Cite journalarticle
|lastnom= Rytuba | firstprénom= J.J. |author2=McKee, E.H. | yearannée= 1984
| titletitre= Peralkaline ash flow tuffs and calderas of the McDermitt Volcanic Field, southwest Oregon and north central Nevada | journal= Journal of Geophysical Research | volume= 89 | issuenuméro= B10 | pages= 8616–8628 | url= http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/1984/JB089iB10p08616.shtml
| accessdateconsulté le= 2010-03-23 | doi =10.1029/JB089iB10p08616 | bibcode=1984JGR....89.8616R}}</ref>
**Hoppin Peaks Caldera, 16 Ma : Hoppin Peaks Tuff<ref name=rytuba1984 />
**Washburn Caldera, (étendue : 30 x 25 km), Oregon : 16.{{unité/2|548|Ma}} : {{unité|250|km|3}} of Oregon Canyon Tuff<ref name=wardtable2009 />{{,}}<ref name=lipman1984 />{{,}}<ref name=ludington1996>{{en}}{{Cite journalarticle
| author = Steve Ludington, Dennis P. Cox, Kenneth W. Leonard, and Barry C. Moring
| contribution = Chapter 5, Cenozoic Volcanic Geology in Nevada | editors = Donald A. Singer
| titletitre = An Analysis of Nevada's Metal-Bearing Mineral Resources | volume =
| pages = | publisheréditeur = Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, University of Nevada
| placelieu = | yearannée = 1996 | contribution-url = http://www.nbmg.unr.edu/dox/ofr962/
| postscript = <!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it : or change its value to "." for the cite to end in a ".", as necessary. -->{{inconsistent citations}}}}</ref>
*Yellowstone hotspot (?), {{Lien|trad=Lake Owyhee|lang=en|fr=Lake Owyhee}} volcanic field : 15.0 to 1{{unité/2|5.5|Ma}}<ref>{{en}}{{Cite journalarticle
|lastnom= Rytuba |firstprénom= James J. |author2=John, David A. |author3=McKee, Edwin H.
|date= May 3–5, 2004 |titletitre= Volcanism Associated with Eruption of the Steens Basalt and Inception of the Yellowstone Hotspot |journal= Rocky Mountain (56th Annual) and Cordilleran (100th Annual) Joint Meeting |volume= Paper No. 44-2 |url= http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2004RM/finalprogram/abstract_72657.htm |accessdateconsulté le= 2010-03-26
|doi = }}</ref>
*Yellowstone hotspot (?), Northwest Nevada volcanic field, Virgin Valley, High Rock, Hog Ranch, and unnamed calderas : West of the {{Lien|trad=Pine Forest Range|lang=en|fr=Pine Forest Range}}, Nevada : 15.5 to 1{{unité/2|6.5|Ma}} : Tuffs: Idaho Canyon, Ashdown, Summit Lake, and Soldier Meadow<ref name=Coble2008>{{ouvrage|lang=en
Ligne 83 :
| lire en ligne= http://www.iop.org/EJ/article/1755-1315/3/1/012002/ees8_3_012002.pdf?request-id=fbb453bc-6e79-4194-965a-0d2abf488999
| doi = 10.1088/1755-1307/3/1/012002
| auteur= Matthew A. Coble et Gail A. Mahood}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{en}}{{Cite journalarticle
|lastnom= Noble |firstprénom= D.C. |yearannée= 1988 |contribution= Cenozoic volcanic rocks of the northwestern Great Basin: an overview |publisheréditeur= Geological Society of Nevada |author= |titletitre= Spring Field Trip Guidebook, Special Publication No. 7 |pages= 31–42 |url= |accessdateconsulté le= |doi =
|postscript= <!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it : or change its value to "." for the cite to end in a ".", as necessary. -->{{inconsistent citations}} }}</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{en}}{{Cite journalarticle
|author= Castor, S.B., and Henry, C.D. |yearannée= 2000
|titletitre= Geology, geochemistry, and origin of volcanic rock-hosted uranium deposits in northwest Nevada and southeastern Oregon, USA |journal= Ore Geology Review |volume= 16 |issuenuméro= |pages= 1–40
|url= |accessdateconsulté le= |doi =10.1016/S0169-1368(99)00021-9 }}</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{en}}{{Cite journalarticle
|lastnom= Korringa |firstprénom= Marjorie K. |date= Decemberdécembre 1973
|titletitre= Linear vent area of the Soldier Meadow Tuff, an ash-flow sheet in northwestern Nevada
|journal= Geological Society of America Bulletin |volume= 84 |issuenuméro= 12 |pages= 3849–3866
|url= http://bulletin.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/84/12/3849 |accessdateconsulté le=
|doi =10.1130/0016-7606(1973)84<3849:LVAOTS>2.0.CO;2
|bibcode = 1973GSAB...84.3849K }}</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{en}}{{Cite journalarticle
|author= Matthew E. Brueseke and William K. Hart |yearannée= 2008
|titletitre= Geology and Petrology of the Mid-Miocene Santa Rosa-Calico Volcanic Field, Northern Nevada
|journal= Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology |volume= Bulletin 113 |pages= 44
|url= http://www.nbmg.unr.edu/dox/b113/Text.pdf |accessdateconsulté le= |doi = }}</ref>
*Columbia River Basalt Province: Yellowstone hotspot sets off a huge pulse of volcanic activity, the first eruptions were near the Oregon-Idaho-Washington border. Columbia River and Steens flood basalts, Pueblo, and Malheur Gorge-region, {{Lien|trad=Pueblo Mountains|lang=en|fr=Pueblo Mountains}}, {{Lien|trad=Steens Mountain|lang=en|fr=Steens Mountain}}, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho, USA : most vigorous eruptions were from 14 to 17 Ma : {{unité|180000|km|3}} of lava<ref name=wardtable2009 />{{,}}<ref name="Carson">{{ouvrage|lang=en|nom1=Carson|prénom1=Robert J. |nom2=Pogue|prénom2=Kevin R.|titre=Flood Basalts and Glacier Floods|sous-titre=Roadside Geology of Parts of Walla Walla, Franklin, and Columbia Counties, Washington |éditeur=Washington State Department of Natural Resources (Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources Information Circular 90)|année=1996|id=ISBN none}}</ref>{{,}}<ref name="Reidel">{{en}}{{Cite journalarticle |lastnom=Reidel |firstprénom=Stephen P. |titletitre=A Lava Flow without a Source: The Cohasset Flow and Its Compositional Members |journal=The Journal of Geology |volume=113 |pages=1–21 |date=Januaryjanvier 2005 |doi=10.1086/425966 |bibcode=2005JG....113....1R}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{en}}{{Cite journalarticle|lastnom= Brueseke |firstprénom= M.E. |coauthorscoauteurs= Heizler, M.T., Hart, W.K., and S.A. Mertzman |date= 15 Marchmars 2007 |titletitre= Distribution and geochronology of Oregon Plateau (U.S.A.) flood basalt volcanism: The Steens Basalt revisited |journal= Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research |volume= 161 |issuenuméro= 3 |pages= 187–214 |url= |accessdateconsulté le=
|doi = 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2006.12.004 |bibcode = 2007JVGR..161..187B }}</ref>{{,}}<ref>[http://www.summitpost.org/area/range/355999/southeast-oregon-basin-and-range.html SummitPost.org, ''Southeast Oregon Basin and Range'']</ref>{{,}}<ref>[http://tin.er.usgs.gov/geology/state/sgmc-unit.php?unit=ORTbas%3B0 USGS, ''Andesitic and basaltic rocks on Steens Mountain'']</ref>{{,}}<ref name=malheurrivergorge >[http://bulletin.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/115/1/105 GeoScienceWorld, ''Genesis of flood basalts and Basin and Range volcanic rocks from Steens Mountain to the Malheur River Gorge, Oregon'']</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{en}}{{citelien web|langue=en
| url = http://www.oregongeology.com/sub/publications/ims/ims-028/unit08.htm
| titletitre = Oregon: A Geologic History. 8. Columbia River Basalt: the Yellowstone hot spot arrives in a flood of fire
| publisheréditeur = Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries
| accessdateconsulté le = 2010-03-26 }}</ref>
**[[Groupe basaltique du Columbia|Columbia River flood basalts]], {{unité|175000|km|3}}<ref name=ciw />{{,}}<ref>
{{article
{{Cite journal
|author = Tolan, T.L., Reidel, S.P., Beeson, M.H., Anderson, J.L., Fecht, K.R. and Swanson, D.A.
|contribution = Revisions to the estimates of the areal extent and volume of the Columbia River Basalt Group |editors = Reidel, S.P. and Hooper, P.R. |titletitre = Volcanism and tectonism in the Columbia River flood basalt province |volume = 239 |pages = 1–20 |publisheréditeur = Geol. Soc. Amer. Spec. Paper |placelieu = |yearannée = 1989 |contribution-url =
|postscript = <!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it : or change its value to "." for the cite to end in a ".", as necessary. -->{{inconsistent citations}} }}</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{en}}{{Cite journalarticle
|author= Camp, V.E., and Ross, M.E. |yearannée= 2004 |titletitre= Mantle dynamics and genesis of mafic magmatism in the intermontane Pacific Northwest |journal= Journal of Geophysical Research |volume= 109 |issuenuméro= B08204 |pages= B08204|url= |accessdateconsulté le= |doi = 10.1029/2003JB002838 |bibcode=2004JGRB..10908204C}}</ref>
**Steens flood basalts, {{unité|65000|km|3}}<ref name=ciw />{{,}}<ref>{{en}}{{Cite journalarticle
|author= Carlson, R.W. and Hart, W.K. |yearannée= 1987 |titletitre= Crustal Genesis on the Oregon Plateau |journal= Journal of Geophysical Research |volume= 92 |issuenuméro= B7 |pages= 6191–6206 |url= |accessdateconsulté le= |doi = 10.1029/JB092iB07p06191 |bibcode=1987JGR....92.6191C}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{en}}{{Cite journalarticle
|author= Hart, W.K., and Carlson, R.W. |yearannée= 1985 |titletitre= Distribution and geochronology of Steens Mountain-type basalts from the northwestern Great Basin |journal= Isochron/West |volume= 43
|issuenuméro= |pages= 5–10 |url= |accessdateconsulté le= |doi = }}</ref>
*Crescent volcanics, [[Péninsule Olympique]]/ southern [[Île de Vancouver]], 5{{unité/2|0-60|Ma}}<ref>{{en}}{{Cite journalarticle|lastnom=Murphy|firstprénom=J. Brendan|author2=Andrew J. Hynes |author3=Stephen T. Johnston |author4=J. Duncan Keppie |titletitre=Reconstructing the ancestral Yellowstone plume from accreted|journal=Tectonophysics |yearannée=2003|volume=365 |pages=185– 194|doi=10.1016/S0040-1951(03)00022-2|url=http://web.uvic.ca/~stj/Assets/PDFs/03%20Murphy%20et%20al%20tecto.pdf|accessdateconsulté le=13 Junejuin 2010|bibcode=2003Tectp.365..185M}}</ref>
**{{Lien|trad=Siletz River Volcanics|lang=en|fr=Siletz River Volcanics}}, [[Chaîne côtière de l'Oregon]], a sequence of [[basalte]]ic [[pillow lava]]s.
*{{Lien|trad=Carmacks Group|lang=en|fr=Carmacks Group}}, [[Yukon]], {{unité|63000|km2}}, 70 Ma<ref>{{en}}{{Cite journalarticle |doi=10.1130/0091-7613(1996)024<0997:YIYTLC>2.3.CO;2 |lastnom=Johnston |firstprénom=Stephen T. |author2=P. Jane Wynne |author3=Don Francis |author4=Craig J. R. Hart |author5=Randolph J. Enkin |author6=David C. Engebretson |titletitre=Yellowstone in Yukon: The Late Cretaceous Carmacks Group|journal=Geology|date=Novembernovembre 1996 |volume=24|issuenuméro=11|pages=997–1000|url=http://web.uvic.ca/~stj/Assets/PDFs/Johnston%20et%20al%2096.pdf|accessdateconsulté le=10 Junejuin 2010|bibcode = 1996Geo....24..997J }}</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{en}}{{Cite journalarticle
|lastnom= McCausland |firstprénom= P. J. A. |author2=D. T. A. Symons |author3=C. J. R. Hart |yearannée= 2005
|titletitre= Rethinking "Yellowstone in Yukon" and Baja British Columbia: Paleomagnetism of the Late Cretaceous Swede Dome stock, northern Canadian Cordillera |journal= Journal Geophysical Research
|volume= 110 |issuenuméro= B12107 |pages= 13 |url= |accessdateconsulté le= |doi = 10.1029/2005JB003742 |bibcode=2005JGRB..11012107M}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{en}}{{citelien web|titlelangue=en|titre=O Ma large mafic magmatic events|url=http://www.largeigneousprovinces.org/0events.html|publisheréditeur=www.largeigneousprovinces.org|accessdateconsulté le=2010-06-10}}</ref>
 
===Notes===
*[[Bassin de Harney]] (Devine Canyon Tuff), McDermitt volcanic field, Owyhee-Humboldt volcanic field, Lake Owyhee volcanic field (or Jordan Valley volcanic field, {{Lien|trad=Lake Owyhee|lang=en|fr=Lake Owyhee}}), {{Lien|trad=Jordan Craters|lang=en|fr=Jordan Craters}}, Santa Rosa - Calico volcanic field, Hawkes Valley - Lone Mountain volcanic field, Northwest Nevada volcanic field, Juniper Mountain caldera complex, and Silver City - Delamar caldera complex ({{Lien|trad=Silver City, Idaho|lang=en|fr=Silver City, Idaho}}) are nested in one area. Geologic landmarks of the area: {{Lien|trad=Steens Mountain|lang=en|fr=Steens Mountain}}, Northern Nevada Rift, Midas Trough, Santa Rosa Mountains, [[Bull Run Mountains|Bull Run]] - {{Lien|trad=Tuscarora Mountains|lang=en|fr=Tuscarora Mountains}}, {{Lien|trad=Owyhee Mountains|lang=en|fr=Owyhee Mountains}}, Oregon-Idaho Graben, and western [[Snake River Plain]]<ref name=ciw >{{en}}{{citelien web|langue=en
| url = http://www.dtm.ciw.edu/research/HLP/about-the-region-mainmenu-37/18-geologic-setting
| titletitre = High Lava Plains Project, Geophysical & Geological Investigation, Understanding the Causes of Continental Intraplate Tectonomagmatism: A Case Study in the Pacific Northwest
| publisheréditeur = Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington
| accessdateconsulté le = 2010-03-26 }}</ref>
*Other manifestations of the Yellowstone hotspot: Rexburg Volcanic Field ({{unité/2|4.3|Ma}}), West of [[Rexburg]] : Henry’s Lake Volcanism ({{unité/2|1.3|Ma}}), {{Lien|trad=Henry's Lake|lang=en|fr=Henry's Lake}} : Blackfoot Volcanic Field (3 Ma), Northwest of [[Soda Springs]] : Gem Valley Volcanic Field (600 to 50 ka), near {{Lien|trad=Grace, Idaho|lang=en|fr=Grace, Idaho}}<ref>{{en}}{{citelien web|langue=en
| url = http://www.idahogeology.org/FieldWorkshops/Island_Park_2007b/2007%20Workshop%20Projects/Robinson.pdf
| titletitre = Snake River Plain-Yellowstone Hot Spot Migration
| publisheréditeur = Idaho Geological Survey
| accessdateconsulté le = 2010-03-26 }}</ref>
*The initial volcanism is part of the [[Province géologique de Basin and Range]] and the Oregon-Idaho [[graben]] (15.0 to 1{{unité/2|5.5|Ma}}).
 
Ligne 140 :
 
== Map references ==
*{{citelien web
| url = http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~manders/SRP_erupt.html
| titletitre = Mark H. Anders, associate professor: Yellowstone hotspot track
| publisheréditeur = Columbia University, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO)
| accessdateconsulté le = 2010-03-16 }}
*{{citelien web
| url = http://www.nbmg.unr.edu/dox/NVtopo.pdf
| titletitre = Map of Nevada
| publisheréditeur = Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, University of Nevada (NBMG)
| accessdateconsulté le = 2010-03-25 }}
*{{citelien web
| url = http://www.nbmg.unr.edu/dox/b113/figures/fig1.pdf
| titletitre = Shaded relief map of the northwestern United States
| publisheréditeur = Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, University of Nevada (NBMG)
| accessdateconsulté le = 2010-03-26 }}
 
== Bibliographie ==
{{légende plume}}
*{{en}}{{Cite journalarticle |lastnom=Smith |firstprénom=Robert B. |coauthorscoauteurs= Jordan, Michael; Steinberger, Bernhard; Puskas, Christine M.; Farrell, Jamie; Waite, Gregory P.; Husen, Stephan; Chang, Wu-Lung; O'Connell, Richard |date=20 Novembernovembre 2009 |titletitre=Geodynamics of the Yellowstone hotspot and mantle plume: Seismic and GPS imaging, kinematics and mantle flow |journal=Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research |volume=188 |issuenuméro=1–3 |pages=26–56 |doi=10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.08.020 |url=http://www.uusatrg.utah.edu/PAPERS/smith_jvgr2009complete.pdf}}
*{{en}}{{Cite journalarticle |lastnom=DeNosaquo |firstprénom=Katrina R. |last2nom2=Smith |first2prénom2=Robert B. |last3nom3=Lowry |first3prénom3=Anthony R. |date=20 Novembernovembre 2009 |titletitre=Density and lithospheric strength models of the Yellowstone-Snake River Plain volcanic system from gravity and heat flow data |journal=Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research |volume=188 |issuenuméro=1–3 |pages=108–127 |doi=10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.08.006 }}
*{{en}}{{Cite journalarticle |lastnom=Farrell |firstprénom=Jamie |last2nom2=Husen |first2prénom2=Stephan |last3nom3=Smith |first3prénom3=Robert B. |date=20 Novembernovembre 2009 |titletitre=Earthquake swarm and b-value characterization of the Yellowstone volcano-tectonic system |journal=Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research |volume=188 |issuenuméro=1–3 |pages=260–276 |doi=10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.08.008 }}
*{{en}}{{Cite journalarticle |lastnom=Perkins |firstprénom=Michael E. |last2nom2=Nash |first2prénom2=Barbara P. |date=Marchmars 2002 |titletitre=Explosive silicic volcanism of the Yellowstone hotspot: the ash fall tuff record |journal=The Geological Society of America Bulletin |volume=114 |issuenuméro=3 |pages=367–381 |doi=10.1130/0016-7606(2002)114<0367:ESVOTY>2.0.CO;2 |bibcode = 2002GSAB..114..367P }}
*{{en}}{{Cite journalarticle |lastnom=Puskas |firstprénom=C.M. |last2nom2=Smith |first2prénom2=R.B. |last3nom3=Meertens |first3prénom3=C.M. |last4nom4=Chang |first4prénom4=W.L. |yearannée=2007 |titletitre=Crustal deformation of the Yellowstone-Snake River Plain volcanic system: campaign and continuous GPS observations, 1987–2004 |pages=B03401 |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research |volume=112 |issuenuméro=B03401 |doi=10.1029/2006JB004325 |bibcode=2007JGRB..11203401P}}
 
== Voir aussi ==
Ce document provient de « https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_chaud_de_Yellowstone ».