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Wildlife Management in Banff National Park

History

Initially,the park was considered as a recreational area offering multiple leisure activities. Thanks to science and ecological awareness, management procedures expanded in the 1960s and 1960s. Simultaneously, the increase of human construction and use of natural landscapes such as for highways increased the frequency of human/animal conflicts

The park now has a number of wildlife management strategies which aim to conserve certain species.

Main species management

Elk: Part of the deer family, elk are a very important species in Banff National Park. They represent a source of food for declining wolves. A significant increase in elk concentration causes vegetation degradation issues, human-animal conflicts and destabilization of biological interactions. In 1999, the implementation of the Banff National Park Elk Management Strategy by Parks Canada and the Elk Advisory Committee highlighted two major objectives: the reduction of their population leading to the reduction of conflicts and natural ecological processes recovery. The creation of Elk handling facilities helped to reduce the herd numbers by increasing wariness of elk and encouraging migratory behaviour to deter them from going into the town. These measures have allowed more prey/predator interactions thanks to the creation of corridors,which have increased elk migration, also restoring the willow/aspen communities and higlighting the primary role of wolves in elk population management.

Bear in Banff National Park

Bears: The state of grizzly bear populations in Banff is seen as a proxy for ecological integrity. To keep bears away from humans, an electric fence was put up around the the summer gondola and parking lot at Lake Louise in 2001. Bear proof waste management e.g. bins. Buffaloberry bushes are removed in some areas where the risk of a bear-human encounter is high because they attract bears due to the berries. Aversive conditioning deters bears by modifying their behaviour. Deterrents like noise makers and rubber bullets are used each time the bear performs an undesirable action. Advice is also given to people to avoid an eventual habituation of bears to human presence. If this conditioning is continual the bear will be less likely to continue the undesirable behaviour (crossing into campsites and roads etc.).

Caribou: Southern Mountain Caribou management previously aimed to identify what was threatening caribou populations and find solutions to mitigate the threats, but it is now thought that the last caribou in the park was found dead in an avalanche in 2009. There was concern over why more had not been done to save the caribou population. The primary reason of their decline is thought to have been habitat loss and altered predator-prey dynamics. Park management began monitoring the last 5 caribou in the park in 2002 and taking actions such as reducing impacts of humans, conducting studies of the population, and investigating the possibility of translocating caribou to increase the Banff population.

Reducing human contact

Wildlife crossings have been successful in Banff National Park at reducing the number of animals kills on roads, explained further in wildlife crossings Banff National Park.

Electromats are also being used - an electromat has been put on a section of Highway 93 North in Banff National Park. It gives a small electric shock to animals that step on it and does not affect vehicles. It is a trial to see how effective it is at keeping animals like bears from gaining access to the fenced Trans-Canada Highway from human overpasses and road junctions.